Gen. Henry Hap Arnold - World War II History

Henry Harley Arnold (born at Gladwyne, PA on June 25, 1886) had a military career peppered with many successes and few failures. He was the only officer to ever hold the rank of General of the Air Force. He died January 15,  1950  and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Early Life The son of a doctor, Henry Harley Arnold was born at Gladwyne, PA on June 25, 1886. Attending Lower Merion High School, he graduated in 1903 and applied to West Point. Entering the academy, he proved a renowned prankster but only a pedestrian student. Graduating in 1907, he ranked 66th out of a class of 111. Though he desired to enter the cavalry, his grades and disciplinary record prevented this and he was assigned to the 29th Infantry as a second lieutenant. Arnold initially protested this assignment but ultimately relented and joined his unit in the Philippines. Learning to Fly While there, he befriended Captain Arthur Cowan of the US Army Signal Corps. Working with Cowan, Arnold aided in creating maps of Luzon. Two years later, Cowan was ordered to take command of the Signal Corps newly-formed Aeronautical Division. As part of this new assignment, Cowan was directed to recruit two lieutenants for pilot training. Contacting Arnold, Cowan learned of the young lieutenants interest in obtaining a transfer. After some delays, Arnold was transferred to the Signal Corps in 1911 and began flight training at the Wright Brothers flying school in Dayton, OH. Taking his first solo flight on May 13, 1911, Arnold earned his pilot license later that summer. Sent to College Park, MD with his training partner, Lieutenant Thomas Millings, he set several altitude records as well as became the first pilot to carry US Mail. Over the next year, Arnold began to develop a fear of flying after witnessing and being a part of several crashes. Despite this, he won the prestigious Mackay Trophy in 1912 for the most meritorious flight of the year. On November 5, Arnold survived a near-fatal crash at Fort Riley, KS and removed himself from flight status. Returning to the Air Returning to the infantry, he was again posted to the Philippines. While there he met 1st Lieutenant George C. Marshall and the two became life-long friends. In January 1916, Major Billy Mitchell offered Arnold a promotion to captain if he returned to aviation. Accepting, he traveled back to College Park for duty as the supply officer for the Aviation Section, US Signal Corps. That fall, aided by his friends in the flying community, Arnold overcame his fear of flying. Sent to Panama in early 1917 to find a location for an airfield, he was en route back to Washington when he learned of the US entry into World War I. World War I Though he desired to go to France, Arnolds aviation experience led to him being retained in Washington at the Aviation Sections headquarters. Promoted to the temporary ranks of major and colonel, Arnold oversaw the Information Division and lobbied for the passage of a large aviation appropriations bill. Though mostly unsuccessful, he gained valuable insight into negotiating the politics of Washington as well as the development and procurement of aircraft. In the summer of 1918, Arnold was dispatched to France to brief General John J. Pershing on new aviation developments. Interwar Years Following the war, Mitchell was transferred to the new US Army Air Service and was posted to Rockwell Field, CA. While there, he developed relationships with future subordinates such as Carl Spaatz and Ira Eaker. After attending the Army Industrial College, he returned to Washington to the Office of the Chief of Air Service, Information Division, where he became a devout follower of the now-Brigadier General Billy Mitchell. When the outspoken Mitchell was court-martialed in 1925, Arnold risked his career by testifying on behalf of the air power advocate. For this and for leaking pro-airpower information to the press, he was professionally exiled to Fort Riley in 1926 and given command of the 16th Observation Squadron. While there, he befriended Major General James Fechet, the new head of the US Army Air Corps. Intervening on Arnolds behalf, Fechet had him sent to the Command and General Staff School. Graduating in 1929, his career began to progress again and he held a variety of peacetime commands. After winning a second Mackay Trophy in 1934 for a flight to Alaska, Arnold was given command of the Air Corps First Wing in March 1935 and promoted to brigadier general. That December, against his wishes, Arnold returned to Washington and was made Assistant Chief of the Air Corps with responsibility for procurement and supply. In September 1938, his superior, Major General Oscar Westover, was killed in a crash. Shortly thereafter, Arnold was promoted to major general and made Chief of the Air Corps. In this role, he began plans for expanding the Air Corps to place it on par with Army Ground Forces. He also began pushing a large, long-term research and development agenda with the goal improving the Air Corps equipment. World War II With the growing threat from Nazi Germany and Japan, Arnold directed research efforts to exploit existing technologies and drove the development of aircraft such as the Boeing B-17 and Consolidated B-24. In addition, he began pushing for research into the development of jet engines. With the creation of the US Army Air Forces in June 1941, Arnold was made Chief of the Army Air Forces and acting Deputy Chief of Staff for Air. Given a degree of autonomy, Arnold and his staff began planning in anticipation of the US entry into World War II. Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Arnold was promoted to lieutenant general and began enacting his war plans which called for the defense of the Western Hemisphere as well as aerial offensives against Germany and Japan. Under his aegis, the USAAF created numerous air forces for deployment in the various theaters of combat. As the strategic bombing campaign commenced in Europe, Arnold continued to press for the development of new aircraft, such as the B-29 Superfortress, and support equipment. Beginning in early 1942, Arnold was named Commanding General, USAAF and made a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Combined Chiefs of Staff. In addition to advocating for and supporting strategic bombing, Arnold backed other initiatives such as the Doolittle Raid, the formation of the Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASPs), as well as communicated directly with his top commanders to ascertain their needs firsthand. Promoted to general in March 1943, he soon had the first of several wartime heart attacks. Recovering, he accompanied President Franklin Roosevelt to the Tehran Conference later that year. With his aircraft pounding the Germans in Europe, he began focusing his attention on making the B-29 operational. Deciding against using it Europe, he elected to deploy it to the Pacific. Organized into the Twentieth Air Force, the B-29 force remained under Arnolds personal command and flew first from bases in China and then the Marianas. Working with Major General Curtis LeMay, Arnold oversaw the campaign against the Japanese home islands. These attacks saw LeMay, with Arnolds approval, conduct massive firebombing attacks on Japanese cities. The war finally came to an end when Arnolds B-29s dropped the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Later Life Following the war, Arnold established Project RAND (Research and Development) which was tasked with studying military matters. Traveling to South America in January 1946, he was forced to break off the trip due to declining health. As result, he retired from active service the following month and settled on a ranch in Sonoma, CA. Arnold spent his final years writing his memoirs and in 1949 had his final rank changed to General of the Air Force. The only officer to ever hold this rank, he died on January 15, 1950 and was buried at Arlington National Cemetery. Selected Sources HistoryNet: General Henry Hap ArnoldHenry H. Arnold

Analysis Of Sweetheart Of The Song Tra Bong In Things They...

Things They Carried Essay Anything can change a person if they are not ready for that change. The short story Sweetheart of The Song Tra Bong, in Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien represents this by showing change in Mary Anne, who is a character the reader probably would not expect to see in a book about the Vietnam War. There are many parts show the change in her from the average high school girl she used to be into a predatory killer, but there is only one reason for her change, and that is the war itself. The changes Mary Anne goes through in this story stand out very clear. In the beginning, the quote that introduces Mary Anne is, â€Å"...she was seventeen years old, fresh out of Cleveland Heights Senior High. She had long white legs†¦show more content†¦You cant feel like that anywhere else’†(O’Brien 111). Mary Anne is inevitably drawn to the other side—the other side in this case being the Vietnam War itself. She is not completely part of it yet but she sure is fascinated by it, and will be part of it soon. She displays the danger of throwing away all separation between herself and the war. She is at the point where she wants to become one with the war. However towards the end of the story, Mary Ann becomes a completely different person. This can be shown perfectly in the quote, â€Å"She had crossed to the other side. She was part of the land. She was wearing her culottes, her pink sweater, and a necklace of human tongues. She was dangerous. She was ready for the kill†(O’Brien 116). Going back to the Vietnam War and its effect on Mary Anne. At this point, it can be seen that Mary Anne has completely crossed over. She has a necklace of human tongues, which is crazy weird. However, Mary Anne is still wearing her culottes and her pink sweater, the very pieces of clothing that made her appear so American at the beginning of the story. The reason for Mary Anne’s change is not because of the Vietnamese or even Vietnam, even though it appeared to be at the beginning. Its the war itself. The war is half-Vietnamese and half-American. A example that shows Mary Anne going through her change is in the quote, Mary Anne made you think about those girls back home, how clean and innocent they all are, how theyll neverShow MoreRelatedForeignness in Vietnam: The Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien 566 Words   |  3 PagesForeignness in Vietnam When you think of what is foreign to the common soldier in the vietnam war you usually think of the vietnamese people or the terrain. In the book The Things They Carried, Tim O’Brien twists the idea of what is foreign to the common soldier in Vietnam. The opposite happens too, what was so familiar not too long ago back home seems almost completely unknown to them now. O’Brien even shows similarities between the American soldiers and the Viet-Cong. In the Vignette the â€Å"ManRead MoreTim OBrians How to Tell a True War Story of the Things They Carried889 Words   |  4 Pages The Tim O’Brian’s short story, â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong†, Mary Anne Bell is a rare illustration of the innocence that is lost. In her attractive sweater, unblemished pants and free spirited attitude, no one could seem more faultless. She was the definition of a true young American teenager or at least that’s what they all assumed at first. In the beginning of the story, she is something noticeable to both the soldiers and the reader: she was expected to be a normal American girl who wantedRead MoreThe Things They Carried By Tim O Brien2499 Words   |  10 Pagesalong a length of copper wire, one tongue overlapping the next, the tips curled upward as if caught in a final shrill syllable,† (O’Brien 105-106). This is an extreme example taken from Tim O’Brien’s book, The Things They Carried, specifically from a story titled â€Å"Sweetheart of the Song Tra Bong.† A story of a once-naive civilian woman who, in the process of becoming a soldier in the traditional role of a man in combat, evolves into more than a mere soldier. Throughout history, many women were known

Crazy, Stupid, Love Essay Example For Students

Crazy, Stupid, Love Essay When it comes to hooking up, society has established what is considered the key factors that contribute to what determines the success of a hookup. Although there is no definition that defines an â€Å"ideal hookup,† there are several criteria that adhere to what a true hookup entails. In a scene from â€Å"Crazy Stupid Love,† Ryan Gosling approaches an unfamiliar woman at a bar, Emma Stone, and suggests that she come home with him, eventually she accepts his invitation and they end up at Ryan’s condo, engaging in a night of romantic gestures and conversation. Emma and Ryan were strangers that met at a bar, suggesting that this hookup had the potential to be successful, however, because they chose to spend the night connecting on an emotional level rather partaking in sexual intercourse, their hookup is deemed as unsuccessful. In a scene from the movie â€Å"Crazy, Stupid, Love† we see the progressive stages of a hookup between Ryan Gosling and Emma Stone. Ryan and Emma are both found at a bar one night, Ryan decides to approach Emma and starts to be flirtations, he eventually suggest that she go home with him for the night. Emma at first rejects Ryan’s offer, however, after having issues with her boyfriend, she promptly seeks out Ryan and accepts his offer. They both leave the bar together and arrive at Ryan’s suave condo, the music is playing and Ryan immediately makes them both drinks. Emma proceeds to gulp down both drinks and then asks Ryan to disclose his methods of seduction. Ryan reveals that he reenacts the dancing scene from the film â€Å"Dirty Dancing,† and then says that it has never failed to get women to sleep with him. Emma then agrees to take part in the â€Å"move†, successively leading them into Ryan bedroom. As they are kissing in bed, Emma continuously asks Ryan questions, this spark of conversation eventually leading to an intimate and long conversation about their personal lives. No sexual intercourse takes place between the two of them, and they eventually fall asleep after talking for hours. Gosling and Stone meet for the first time at a bar and have no pervious background knowledge about each other. They were merely brought together by Reynolds attraction to Stone and his willingness to approach her and share this attraction. The atmosphere of the bar was seductive and luring, making for the perfect place for a man to pick up women. In the scene Emma is sitting at a table with her friend while Ryan is prowling around the bar to find a women to take home with him. Ryan eventually approaches Emma in the hopes that she will go home with him tonight. He says, â€Å"I’ll guarantee you this, you’re never going to regret going home with that guy from the bar that one time who’s a total tom cat in the sac† (Reynolds). Here, Ryan is very blunt, stating that if she were to come home with him, it would solely be two strangers hooking up. At this point Ryan and Emma know little to nothing about each other, this lack of knowledge makes it easy to disregard their emotions and only focus on the physical aspect of the hookup. With this being the intentions of both of them the start of their successful hookup is heading in the right direction Emma and Ryan were both consuming alcohol at the bar where they met, and continued to drink upon arriving at Ryan’s condo. Alcohol consumption is considered by many people to be an essential for a hookup to be successful, and because they were both consuming alcohol puts them on track for having a successful hookup. Kate Taylor, the author of Sex on Campus: She Can Play That Game, Too, wrote â€Å"Women said universally that hookups could not exist without alcohol, because they were for the most part too uncomfortable to pair off with men they did not know well without being drunk† (Taylor). .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .postImageUrl , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:visited , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:active { border:0!important; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:active , .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9 .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0ba89bd8d6f36bbbd1c5d27faaa199b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: From the comparative study of the film EssayAlcohol is imperative when it comes to having a successful hookup because both man and woman are more willing to associate with someone they don’t know very well while under the influence of alcohol. When Emma and Ryan both arrived back at his condo, he immediately makes two alcoholic drinks that she gulps down instantly and then says, â€Å"that’s not my favorite, thank you†(Stone). Even though she didn’t prefer the drinks he made, she still drank both because in the hopes that it would calm her nerves. Even though Emma and Ryan were not blackout drunk, they were both somewhat intoxicated, which helped further their path towards having a successful hookup. When Ryan brings Emma back to his place, he immediately makes her a drink, turns on music, and sets the tone for what he expects to be a successful hookup. Emma is acting as though she is ready to â€Å"get to the bed† and get things started. They talk about Gosling signature move, where he reenacts a scene from dirty dancing, he says, â€Å"So I tell girls I can do the move, I put on the song Time of Your Life, I do the big move, and they (girls) always want to have sex with me† (Reynolds). Ryan then proceeds to make this big move to Emma and they consequently end up in his bedroom and start making out. As things seem to be going in the right direction between the two of them, they start to get off track and they begin talking on an emotional level, sharing personal past experiences with one another. At this point they are being more emotionally intimate than physically intimate, leading to the downfall of their successful hookup path. When Ryan and Emma first enter the bedroom things seem like they are going in the right direction, however, it turns out that they do not engage in any type of sexual intercourse. In an ideal hookup, their should be more intimacy rather than talk about your personal life, which is why Ryan and Emma failed to meet the set criteria that make for a successful hookup. Ryan even asks Emma to â€Å"ask him something personal about himself†(Reynolds). At this point, it is obvious that they have embarked on a path that could mean more than just a hookup. Kate Taylor defines a â€Å"hookup† as, â€Å"an ambiguous term that can signify anything from making out to oral sex to intercourse without the emotional entanglement of a relationship†(Taylor). Ryan and Emma have dodged these two criteria by not engaging in sexual intercourse and by becoming personally and emotionally involved, leading to the demise of their successful hookup attempt. Eventually, Ryan and Emma fall asleep in bed after a night of talking, and not engaging in any type of sexual intercourse which is why their hookup is not seen as successful. Even though Emma fell asleep at Ryan’s place, they had created a bond by the end of the night, an emotional bond, and one that would not be created through an ideal hookup. In Alex Williams article The End of Courtship he gives an example of what spending the night after a hookup would lead to, â€Å"She spent the night at the apartment, which kicked off a cycle of weekly hookups, invariably preceded by a Thursday night text message from him saying, ‘hey babe, what are you up to this weekend? ’†(Williams). In this case, the two people are engaging in a series of casual hookups from one time being spent at the guy’s apartment. In Emma and Ryan’s case, they partook in the initial stages of a successful hookup but the end result was far from ideal and does not correlate with what is defined as a successful hookup. A hookup is something that is developed through certain criteria that have been set by society. Overall, Emma and Ryan did not meet all of the standards that result in a successful hookup. .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .postImageUrl , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:visited , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:active { border:0!important; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:active , .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256 .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u80a065c170317a2207da462e28642256:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Comparison Of A Modern Love Poem With 'The Flea' EssayEven though in the initial stages they were headed in the right direction, it was towards the end of the night that they began to fall of track and develop an emotional connection rather than engage in any kind of sexual activity that would have kept them on track for an ideal hookup. Their inability to connect in a sexual way, due to the distractions of their intimate conversations about family and past occurrences, was the reason that they were unsuccessful in having a successful hookup.

True statements Essay Example

True statements Paper At first glance, the title of this essay may very well be seen as a joke. How can the validity of statements change? The fact is, the validity of statements can change entirely, depending on the readers point of view with regard to the statement. Although the sentence may seem straightforward and not at all complicated, there is much more to the declaration above than meets the eye, as the validity of the statement depends almost wholly on how it is interpreted by the reader. In this essay, I will discuss the validity of this statement based on several different possible interpretations of the title sentence. The first interpretation of the title sentence is that once a statement is made, an identical statement made at a different time cannot be considered to be the same statement. So, the statements Black is not white and Black is not white are not the same statement, merely duplicates. This is similar to the math concept of congruency: two different objects are completely identical, but cannot be considered to be the same. For this interpretation, we will use the sample statement John is 14. If this statement were made when the John we are referring to had not yet reached the age of 14, it would have to be classified as false. We will write a custom essay sample on True statements specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on True statements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on True statements specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer On the other hand, the identical statement, made while John is 14, will be true. However, this does not make the first statement of John is 14 true, as duplicate statements made at different times are not considered as the same. Therefore, under the current understanding of the title declaration, a statement cannot change over time and become true, even if statements identical to it made at a later time may be true. A second interpretation of the title, similar to the first, is that a statement can only be classified as true or false using the circumstances that were present and the facts that were true at the time the statement was made. For this interpretation, let us use the sample statement I live in Indonesia. If this statement were to be made, by me, during August of 2002, it would be classified as true, as I was living in Indonesia at the time. As a result, under the interpretation of the title sentence we are currently evaluating, this statement I live in Indonesia can never be considered false, so long as it was true at the time it was made. Since I now live in Canada, one might say that the statement I made last August will be considered false, as I indeed do not live in Indonesia. However, since the interpretation of the title sentence we are considering says that statements can only be verified by checking them against facts that were true when the statement was said, the statement I live in Indonesia, uttered by myself during August of 2002, will remain true for eternity. Under this interpretation, the validity of statements cannot change over time, as a statement can only be classified as true or false using the circumstances and facts present at the time that the statement was made. Yet another interpretation of the title is the opposite of the first, saying that identical statements made at different times can be considered as the same. Under this ideology, Black is not white and Black is not white are one and the same. For this interpretation of the title, we will use the example Philadelphia is the capital of the United States of America. Were this statement made in 1794, when Philadelphia was indeed the capital of the United States, it would obviously be considered true. Now let us assume that this statement is said again, in 1996, when the capital of the United States was Washington, DC. Obviously, the statement would be considered false, as Philadelphia was of course not the capital. Under the first interpretation, the statement Philadelphia is the capital of the United States of America, made in 1794, will always remain true. However, under our current interpretation, if identical statements, made at different times, have different validities, the validity of the latter statement applies to both. This means that since the statement made in 1996 was considered false, the statement made in 1794 will also be considered false. So, under the current ideology, if the validity of a statement, identical to the original statement, made at a later time is in contrast with the validity of the original statement, the validity of the original statement can indeed change over time, The fourth interpretation of the title sentence, which is the final one I will be considering, is that the validity of a statement can be checked using facts and circumstances that were present at a different time. For this understanding of the title statement, we will use the sample sentence Shaquille ONeal plays for the Orlando Magic. Were this statement made in 1993, when ONeal was playing for the Orlando Magic, it would undisputedly be considered as a true statement. However, under the interpretation of the title we are currently examining, the validity of the statement would change after 1996, when ONeal started playing for the Los Angeles Lakers. This is because under this interpretation of the title, if circumstances change, the validity of a statement can change as well, no matter when the statement was made. Therefore, under this interpretation of the title, the validity of statement can change over time. As is evident, there are many possible interpretations of the title statement, with just a few being discussed here. As one can see, the validity of the title can change drastically, depending on how the reader sees and interprets the statement. Under two of the more pragmatic and realistic interpretations, that identical statements made at different times are not the same, and that the validity of the statements can be considered only using the facts and circumstances that were present at the time the statement was made, true statements cannot become false, nor can false statements become true. Under two other not-as-realistic ideologies, that identical statements made at different times can be considered as the same, and that the validity of a statement can be checked using circumstances from a different time, true statements can become false, as can false statements become true. Therefore, the validity of the title sentence depends entirely on how the reader understands it.